Chris Paquin

AI, Virtualization, Containers, Infrastructure, Linux

Category: Solaris 8

  • Veritas Volume Manager Upgrade Solaris 8

    Symantec_Storage_Foundation_Basic_5_Linux
    I’ve been told by some that this process is overkill, and have been told by others that this process is the cleanest way to go. Please procede at your own risk.

    QuickNotes: vxlicrep -e will allow you view your veritas license along with lot of additional information.

    Backup any file systems that are part of rootdg

    This particular system is running Veritas 3.5 which requires a rootdg. This system has 3 file systems that are part of this dg. They are seen below. Comment any rootdg entries out of the /etc/vfstab.

    /dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/home
    1048576 35232 950055 4% <mountpoint>

    /dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/disk
    1048576 467462 544827 47% <mountpoint>

    /dev/vx/dsk/rootdg/disk
    1048576 55289 932147 6% <mountpoint>

    These systems are located on this disk slice.

    7
    unassigned wm 5566 – 14086 41.35GB (8521/0/0)
    86709696

    First step is to back these 3 file systems up locally whereever there is room or over NFS mount.

    Export & Unmount

    Unmount any veritas filesystems and export and disk groups.

    Break Mirrors

    At this point I need to break the submirrors off that are on the second system disk. In this case c1t1d0.

    Use the format below

    metadetach mirror submirror

    for example:

    metattach d1 d21

    Keep Veritas from Starting up on Reboot.

    Touch /etc/vx/reconfig.d/state.d/install-db to prevent Veritas from starting up with the box.

    Reboot in Single User mode, Verify that you are booting of off the primary disk. Init 0, boot -s

    Remove the current Veritas packages in the order listed below. (You may encounter addition packages not listed here. If this occurs add these packages to the removal order after VRTSvcsvr and before VRTSvxfs)

      1. VRTSvmdoc
      2. VRTSfsdoc
      3. VRTSvmman
      4. VRTSvrdoc
      5. VRTSvrw
      6. VRTSweb
      7. VRTSobgui
      8. VRTSvmpro
      9. VRTSfspro
      10. VRTSob
      11. VRTSspc
      12. VRTSvcsvr
      13. VRTSordoc (Should
        be Database Edition Only)
      14. VRTSorgui (Should
        be Database Edition Only)
      15. VRTSdbed (Should
        be Database Edition Only)
      16. VRTSvxmsa
      17. VRTSvxfs
      18. VRTSvxvm
      19. VRTSvxlic

    Install San Foundation kit

    (Sol8), make sure that you reconfigure reboot in single user mode

    Step 8: devfsadm -Cv, change to runlevel 2 before next step.

    Step 9: Install new veritas and patch with maint pack 2, then reboot again.

    Step 10: Upgrade disk groups and file systems.

    Upgrading Disk Groups:

    To determine what DG version you are running, you can use the following command

    vxdg -q list <my-dg> | grep version.

    Import your disk groups, and run the following command on each DG, the -T is optional.

    vxdg [ -T version ] upgrade diskgroup.

    Upgrading File Systems:

    To determine what FS version you are running, you can use the command below.

    fstyp -v /dev/vx/dsk/dev/device

    Mount your filesystems and then run the following command

     vxupgrade -n 6 /mountpoint

    Use the format command to create new slices (on disk0) for the 3 file systems listed in step one. Basically split the 41.35gb contained in Slice 7 across Slice 5-7.

    5 unassigned wm 0
    0 (0/0/0) 0

    6 unassigned wm 0
    0 (0/0/0) 0

    7 unassigned wm 5566 – 14086
    41.35GB (8521/0/0) 86709696

    Mount the new slices and copy data from the original mount points to the new mounts.

    Load the partition table from disk one onto disk two.

    Reattach Mirrors.

  • Solaris: How to Resize a Swap Partition….on a disk without any free slices

    First lets detach the swap partition (submirror) on the secondary disk. Where d1 is the metadevice and d21 is the submirror

    #metadetach d1 d21
d1: submirror d21 is detached

metaclear d21
d21: Concat/Stripe is cleared

    Now lets format Secondary Disk (c1t1d1 in this example)

    Below is the partition table of the disk that I am working with. Slice one will be resized using unallocated disk space. Add 1 to the last cylinder of slice 7 to determine your starting cylinder. In this case my new starting cylinder is 2691.

    Total disk cylinders available: 14087 + 2 (reserved cylinders)
Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 root wm 0 - 824 4.00GB (825/0/0) 8395200
1 swap wu 825 - 1031 1.00GB (207/0/0) 2106432
2 backup wm 0 - 14086 68.35GB (14087/0/0) 143349312
3 unassigned wm 1032 - 1038 34.78MB (7/0/0) 71232
4 var wm 1039 - 1657 3.00GB (619/0/0) 6298944
5 home wm 1658 - 2070 2.00GB (413/0/0) 4202688
6 stand wm 2071 - 2277 1.00GB (207/0/0) 2106432
7 stand wm 2278 - 2690 2.00GB (413/0/0) 4202688

    Now resize the partition
    In this case I am going to use the rest of the disk, which according to the information for partition two, ends @ cylinder 14087. Subtract 2691 from 14087, to determine how many cylinders your slice is going to be.

    Enter partition id tag[swap]:
Enter partition permission flags[wu]:
Enter new starting cyl[825]: 2691
Enter partition size[2106432b, 207c, 1028.53mb, 1.00gb]: 11396c

    Now save this new partition scheme

    Enter table name (remember quotes): my_table

    Then label your disk. As you can see below, my swap partition is now huge.

    Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 root wm 0 - 824 4.00GB (825/0/0) 8395200
1 swap wu 2691 - 14086 55.30GB (11396/0/0) 115965696
2 backup wm 0 - 14086 68.35GB (14087/0/0) 143349312
3 unassigned wm 1032 - 1038 34.78MB (7/0/0) 71232
4 var wm 1039 - 1657 3.00GB (619/0/0) 6298944
5 home wm 1658 - 2070 2.00GB (413/0/0) 4202688
6 stand wm 2071 - 2277 1.00GB (207/0/0) 2106432
7 stand wm 2278 - 2690 2.00GB (413/0/0) 4202688
    Now lets Swap the Swap


First, reinitialize swap submirror.
    metainit d21
d21: Concat/Stripe is setup

    Add swap to new submirror

    \swap -a /dev/md/dsk/d21

    View swap

    swap -l
swapfile dev swaplo blocks free
/dev/md/dsk/d1 85,1 16 2106416 2106416
/dev/md/dsk/d21 85,21 16 115965680 115965680

    Remove the metadevice from swap

    swap -d /dev/md/dsk/d1

    Verify that previous step worked

    swap -l
swapfile dev swaplo blocks free
/dev/md/dsk/d21 85,21 16 115965680 115965680

    Clear Metadevice/Mirror

    metaclear d1
Mirror is cleared
Clear Metadevice/submirror
metaclear d11
d11: Concat/Stripe is cleared

    Format Primary Disk (c1t1d0 in this example)

    Select a predefined table

    partition> select
0. original
1. my_table
Specify table (enter its number)[0]: 1
    View the partition table, and make sure it looks right.

    Total disk cylinders available: 14087 + 2 (reserved cylinders)

Part Tag Flag Cylinders Size Blocks
0 root wm 0 - 824 4.00GB (825/0/0) 8395200
1 swap wu 2691 - 14086 55.30GB (11396/0/0) 115965696
2 backup wm 0 - 14086 68.35GB (14087/0/0) 143349312
3 unassigned wm 1032 - 1038 34.78MB (7/0/0) 71232
4 var wm 1039 - 1657 3.00GB (619/0/0) 6298944
5 home wm 1658 - 2070 2.00GB (413/0/0) 4202688
6 stand wm 2071 - 2277 1.00GB (207/0/0) 2106432
7 stand wm 2278 - 2690 2.00GB (413/0/0) 4202688

Label disk
partition> label
Ready to label disk, continue? y

    Put things back the way they were.

    Reinitialize the swap submirror on the primary disk

    metainit d11
d11: Concat/Stripe is setup

    Reinitialize Metadevice Mirror

    metainit d1
d1: Mirror is setup

Add the metadevice to swap
swap -a /dev/md/dsk/d1

    … and verify that it took

    swap -l
swapfile dev swaplo blocks free
/dev/md/dsk/d21 85,21 16 115965680 115965680
/dev/md/dsk/d1 85,1 16 115965680 115965680

    Remove the submirror that you added to swap in the step above

    swap -d /dev/md/dsk/d21

    Reattach Submirror d21 to Mirror d1

    metattach d1 d21
d1: submirror d21 is attached

    Redefine dump device

    dumpadm -d swap
Dump content: kernel pages
Dump device: /dev/md/dsk/d1 (swap)
Savecore directory: /var/crash/blahblah
Savecore enabled: yes

    Related articles

    SwapFaq’s
    Repartitioning a Linux Cloud Server
    HomeLab: Cisco Switch Boot Alternate IOS Image
    Solaris 9 Scan for New SAN Luns & and Vertias Volume Manager Quick Start

  • Solaris Soft and Hard Limits

    Handle_2

    Hard limits are a kernel-configurable item, and users can’t exceed them. Soft limits are the user defaults, and users can change that using the ulimit program or the limit/unlimit builtins.

    Basically, soft limits can be changed to anything up to the hard limit. Think of soft limits as the warning barrier. When a user reaches the soft limit they will get an warning message but are still allowed to use more space up to the hard limit.

    Also, you can configure the system to set expiration times for users who have exceeded their soft limit. You can set both soft and hard limits. The system will not allow a user to exceed his or her hard limit. However, a system administrator may  set a soft limit (sometimes referred to as a quota), which the user can temporarily exceed. The soft limit must be less than the hard limit.

    Use ulimit -a to check soft limits, and ulimit -Ha to check hard limits. These values will display as open files.

    You can set these values by placing the following entries in /etc/system.

    This will require a reboot

    [code language=”css”]
    set
    rlim_fd_max=8192
    set rlim_fd_cur=256
    [/code]

    Note that rlim_fd_max is the hard limit, and rlim_fd_cur is the current limit (or soft limit)

  • Solaris Network Connection Performance Part I

    Monitoring Solaris Ethernet Performance

    Netstat -i

    This option is used to diagnose the network problems when  the connectivity is there but  it is slow in response .

    Values to look at:

        * Collisions (Collis)
        * Output packets (Opkts)
        * Input errors (Ierrs)
        * Input packets (Ipkts)

    Network collision rate = Output collision counts / Output packets

    Network-wide collision rate greater than 10 percent  will indicate

        *  Overloaded network,
        *  Poorly configured network,
        *  Hardware problems. 

    Input Packet Error Rate = Ierrs / Ipkts.

    If the input error rate is high (over 0.25 percent), the host is dropping packets. Hub/switch cables etc needs to be checked for potential problems. 

    Name  Mtu  Net/Dest   Address    Ipkts     Ierrs Opkts     Oerrs Collis Queue
    lo0   8232 loopback   localhost  43523390  0     43523390  0     0      0
    hme0  1500 <hostname> <hostname> 561847305 886   483621617 0     0      0
    qfe0  1500 <hostname> <hostname> 13480886  1     1521743   0     0      0

    You can also use the following to determine the the ethernet interface link status,and speed on your interface. In the example below I am running these on hme0

    ndd -set /dev/hme instance 0
    ndd -get /dev/hme link_status
    ndd -get /dev/hme link_mode
    ndd -get /dev/hme link_speed

    If you have only one ethernet interface, you can leave out the instance
    command. Otherwise, you can specify the hme instance number there. The
    results of the next three commands are either 1 or 0. In each case, the
    value means:

    link_status:  0=down 1=up

    link_mode:   0=half duplex  1=full duplex

    link_speed:  0=10Mbps  1=100Mbps

    You can also use the following netstat command. Replace ce0 with your ethernet adapter

    netstat -k ce0 | egrep ‘link_speed|link_status|link_duplex’
    lp_cap_asmpause 1 lp_cap_pause 0 link_T4 0 link_speed 1000
    link_duplex 2 link_asmpause 0 link_pause 0 link_up 1 mac_mtu 1522

    How to read this junk:
    link_up – 0 down, 1 up


    link_speed – speed in Mbit/s


    link_duplex – 1 half duplex, 2 full duplex, 0 down

  • Alom, Ilom, & Elom Part II

    Managementilomelomimpiloginscreen
    Part II of this Post is composed of a list of Alom commands and their Ilom counterparts. This information was taken from a document that was found on Sunsolve. I felt that this section was the most helpfull. Note that the original document has additional commands listed, however I chose to omit those that I felt were less useful.

    &amp;amp;lt;!–
    @page { size: 5in 11in; margin: 0.79in }
    P { margin-bottom: 0.08in }
    –&amp;amp;gt;

    ALOM

    Summary

    ILOM
    password Changes the
    login password of the current user.     		set
    /SP/users/username password     
    restartssh  Restarts the
    SSH server so that new host keys generated by the     ssh-keygen
    command are reloaded.     		set
    /SP/services/ssh restart_sshd_action=true     
    setdate
    [[mmdd]HHMM |mmddHHMM[cc]yy][.SS]
    		 Sets ALOM
    CMT date and time.     		set
    /SP/clock datetime=    value 
    setdefaults
    [    -a]
    		 Resets all
    ALOM CMT configuration parameters to their default values. The
    -a     option resets the user
    information to the factory default (one     admin
    account only).     		set
    /SP reset_to_defaults=all     
    setkeyswitch
    [normal|stby|diag|
    locked]     		 Set the
    status of the virtual keyswitch. Setting the virtual keyswitch to
    standby (    stby)
    powers off the server. Before powering off the host server, ALOM
    CMT asks for a confirmation.     		set
    /SYS keyswitch_state=    value 
    setsc
    [param] [value]     		Sets the
    specified ALOM CMT parameter to the assigned value.


    set
    target property=value 
    setupsc Runs the
    interactive configuration script. This script configures the ALOM
    CMT configuration variables.
    No equivalent in ILOM
    showplatform [-v]
    		 Displays
    information about the host system’s hardware configuration, and
    whether the hardware is providing service. The     -v
    option displays verbose information about the displayed
    components.
    show
    /HOST     
    showfru Displays
    information about the field-replaceable units (FRUs) in a host
    server.
    No equivalent in ILOM
    showusers
    [-g lines]     		Displays a
    list of users currently logged in to ALOM CMT. The display for
    this command has a similar format to that of the UNIX command
    who.
    The     -g
    option pauses the display after the number of lines you specify
    for     lines.
    show
    /SP/sessions     
    showhost
    [    version]     		 Displays
    version information for host-side components
    show
    /HOST     
    showkeyswitch  Display
    status of virtual keyswitch.
    show
    /SYS keyswitch_state     
    showsc
    [param]     		Displays the
    current non-volatile read-only memory (NVRAM) configuration
    parameters.


    show
    target property 
    showdate Displays the
    ALOM CMT date. ALOM CMT time is expressed in Coordinated
    Universal Time (UTC) rather than local time. The Solaris OS and
    ALOM CMT time are not synchronized.


    show
    /SP/clock datetime     


    ssh-keygen -l


    ssh-keygen -r 


    ssh-keygen
    -t     {rsa|dsa} 

    		 Generates
    Secure Shell (SSH) host keys and displays the host key
    fingerprint on the SC.


    show
    /SP/services/ssh/keys rsa|dsa     


    set
    /SP/services/ssh generate_new_key_action=true     


    set
    /SP/services/ssh generate_new_key_type=[rsa|dsa]     
    usershow
    [username]     		Displays a
    list of all user accounts, permission levels, and whether
    passwords are assigned.


    show
    /SP/users     
    useradd
    username     		Adds a user
    account to ALOM CMT.


    create
    /SP/users/    username 

    userdel username


    userdel -y username 

    		 Deletes a
    user account from ALOM CMT. The     -y
    option enables you to skip the confirmation question.


    delete
    /SP/users/    username 


    delete
    -script /SP/users/    username 
    userpassword
    [username]     		Sets or
    changes a user password.


    set
    /SP/users/    username
    password     
    userperm
    [    username] [c]
    [    u]
    [    a]
    [    r]
    		 Sets the
    permission level for a user account.


    set
    /SP/users/    username
    role=    permissions 


    (where permissions
    are     Administrator
    or     Operator) 
    Status
    and Control Commands     
    showenvironment
    		 Displays the
    environmental status of the host server. This information
    includes system temperatures, power supply status, front panel
    LED status, hard disk drive status, fan status, voltage, and
    current sensor status.
    show
    -o table -level all /SYS     
    shownetwork
    [    -v]
    		 Displays the
    current network configuration information. The     -v
    option shows additional
    information about your network, including information about your
    DHCP server.
    show
    /SP/network     
    console [-f]
    		 Connects to
    the host system console. The     -f
    option forces the console write lock from one user to another.
    start
    /SP/console     


    break [-c]


    break [-D]

    		 Drops the
    host server from running the Solaris OS software into OpenBoot
    PROM or     kmdb
    depending upon the mode in which the Solaris software was booted.


    set
    /HOST send_break_action=break     


    set /HOST send_break_action=dumpcore

    bootmode
    [    normal]
    [    reset_nvram]
    [config=    configname]
    [bootscript=string]
    		 Controls the
    host server OpenBoot PROM firmware method of booting.


    set
    /HOST/bootmode     property=value 


    [where
    property is state, config,
    or     script] 
    flashupdate
    -s IPaddr -f pathname [-v]
    		 Downloads
    and updates system firmware (both host firmware and ALOM CMT
    firmware). For ILOM, ipaddr must be a TFTP server. If DHCP
    is used, ipaddr can be replace by the name of the TFTP
    host.


    load
    -source tftp://    ipaddr/pathname 


    reset [-c]


    reset [-y]
    [    -c]

    		 Generates a
    hardware reset on the host server. The     -y
    option enables you to skip the confirmation question.


    reset
    /SYS     


    reset
    -script /SYS     


    powercycle
    [-y][-f] 


    powercycle
    -y


    powercycle -f

    		poweroff
    followed by     poweron.
    The     -f
    option forces an immediate     poweroff,
    otherwise the command attempts a graceful shutdown.


    stop
    /SYS     


    start
    /SYS     


    stop
    -script /SYS     


    start
    -script /SYS     


    stop
    -force /SYS     


    start
    -force /SYS     


    poweroff


    poweroff -y 


    poweroff -f 

    		 Removes the
    main power from the host server. The     -y
    option enables you to skip the confirmation question. ALOM CMT
    attempts to shut the server down gracefully. The     -f
    option forces an immediate shutdown.


    stop
    /SYS     


    stop
    -script /SYS     


    stop
    -force /SYS     
    Poweron Applies the
    main power to the host server or FRU.     		start
    /SYS     
    setlocator
    [    on/off]
    		 Turns the
    Locator LED on the server on or off.


    set
    /SYS/LOCATE value=    value 
    showfaults
    [-v]     		 Displays
    current valid system faults.


    show
    /SP/faultmgmt     
    clearfault
    UUID     		Manually
    repairs system faults.


    set
    /SYS/    component
    clear_fault_action=true     
    showlocator Displays the
    current state of the Locator LED as either on or off.


    show
    /SYS/LOCATE     
    FRU
    Commands     
    setfru
    -c     data     		 The -c
    option enables you to store information (such as inventory codes)
    on all FRUs in a system.


    set
    /SYS customer_frudata=    data 
    Other
    Commands     
    help
    [command]     		Displays a
    list of all ALOM CMT commands with their syntax and a brief
    description of how each command works. Specifying a command name
    as an option enables you to view the help for that command.     		help 


    resetsc


    resetsc -y 

    		 Reboots ALOM
    CMT. The
    -y     option enables you to skip
    the confirmation question.


    reset
    /SP     


    reset
    -script /SP     
    logout Logs out
    from an ALOM CMT shell session.     		exit 

  • Sun RSC Configuration for the v480 & v490

    Sun_fire_v490_server
    Introduction

    This page describes how to setup and manage a Sun RSC (Remote Serial Console) on the v480 and v490, as well as the e250 and e450. I omitted the latter two as those systems are ancient.

    Before You Begin

    Assign an IP address, netmask and gateway to the server. You must
    download the RSC utilities version 2.2.3 or later to the server and run
    the utilities before you can configure the server’s RSC.

    Steps

    • Log in as root to the V490 or V890 manageable server.
    • Download the RSC version 1.2.3 utilities zip file.Go to http://www.sun.com/servers/rsc.html. Download the zip file appropriate for the Solaris operating system installed on the server:

    Solaris 9 or later: rsc2.2.3_packages_s9.zip
    Solaris 8: rsc2.2.3_packages_s8.zip
    When the download has completed, unzip the file to a temporary directory, and then change directory to the temporary directory.

    • Install the RSC version 2.2.3 packages on the manageable server.

    Install the following packages on the server using the pkgadd command:
    SUNWrsc – the RSC base package for installation on the host machine
    SUNWrscd – the RSC documentation package
    SUNWrscj – the RSC GUI package to display the RSC GUI

    If you are asked whether to install conflicting files, type Y to override the existing version.

    Redirecting the Console to the RSC

    After RSC software is installed and configured, the system
    console is still available as on any normal Sun machine. To enable RSC
    as the system console device instead, you must access the server
    console, shut down the system, and type the following commands at the
    ok prompt:

    ok diag-console rsc

    ok setenv input-device rsc-console

    ok setenv output-device rsc-console

    RSC Commands

    The RSC commands are located in the following path:
    /usr/platform/SUNW,Sun-Fire-V490/rsc

    rsc-config
    /usr/platform/SUNW,Sun-Fire-V490/rsc/rsc-config

    The command above can be used to configure the RSC.

    The rscadm command has many options see below.

    rscadm - COMMAND DETAILS
      rscadm help => this message
      rscadm date [-s] | [[mmdd]HHMM | mmddHHMM[cc]yy][.SS] => print or set date
      rscadm set <variable> <value> => set variable to value
      rscadm show [variable] => show variable(s)
      rscadm resetrsc [-s] => reset RSC (-s soft reset)
      rscadm download [boot] <file> => program firmware or [boot] monitor
      rscadm send_event [-c] "message" => send message as event (-c CRITICAL)
      rscadm useradd <username> => add RSC user account
      rscadm userdel <username> => delete RSC user account
      rscadm usershow [username] => show user details
      rscadm userpassword <username> => set user password
      rscadm userperm <username> [cuar] => set user permissions
      rscadm shownetwork => show network configuration
      rscadm loghistory => show RSC event log
      rscadm version => show RSC version

    Below is the SHOW option

    mail_enabled="false"
    ip_mode="config"
    ppp_enabled="false"
    tpe_link_test="true"
    serial_baud="9600"
    serial_parity="none"
    serial_stop="1"
    serial_data="8"
    customerinfo=""
    ip_addr="xxx.xx.xxx.xxx"
    ip_netmask="255.255.xxx.x"
    ip_gateway="0.0.0.0"
    mailhost=""
    mailuser=""
    ppp_local_ip_addr="0.0.0.0"
    ppp_remote_ip_addr="0.0.0.0"
    hostname="xxxxxx"
    escape_char="~"

     

     

  • Handy Crontab Header

    # minute (0-59),
    # |      hour (0-23),
    # |      |       day of the month (1-31),
    # |      |       |       month of the year (1-12),
    # |      |       |       |       day of the week (0-6 with 0=Sunday).
    # |      |       |       |       |       commands
    3       2       *       *       0,6     /some/command/to/run
    3       2       *       *       1-5     /another/command/to/run